Edward Heath

Dominic Cummings , Boris Johnson , senior consultant, has called for changes in the way the government works.

In a feature on everything from the Apollo space mission, a Mr. Cummings and his vision of a public Service includes data scientists, mathematicians and "outsiders with strange abilities".

He also argued that the public Service know enough executives with special, because you switch departments often.

So, how much churn is there?

the officials are responsible for the implementation and administration of the policy of the government, for example, for the work of the Central departments of the government, The Report for the Minister .

There are currently, as the Ministry of Finance, the Federal Foreign Office and the Ministry of education.

in addition, there are a further 20 departments, which are not occupied by their own Ministers - such as the Food Standards Agency and the Forestry Commission , But still official.

people who are employed by other public bodies, such as the BBC, The Police and the NHS are not classified as civil Servants .

445,000 Current number of British civil Servants

over 85,000 employees of The Department for work and pensions alone

8Departments with an annual turnover of More Than 15% in 2018

53. 9%share of the officials, the female

£27,080 average (Median ) officer salary

According to the latest statistics, in the public Service - an increase of 15,000 compared to the previous Year .

Despite the recent increases in the total number of employees is around 80,000 lower than in 2010 - the Year the government, the austerity programme began.

But , as the European Union (EU) is the increase in a referendum in June 2016, officials figures are rising all the employees of the country to prepare for Escape.

7. 2% of the civil Servants leave the workforce each Year , which is less than the 16. 5% turnover rate in the Private Sector .

But , the IFG says this number, however, hides a serious Problem - the speed and impact of the civil Servants between the departments.

In the case of the Treasury, which monitors how public money is Spent , the IFG says that about 20% of the employees are lost each Year as soon as the people in another Department.

The IFG shows the analysis of eight departments, including The Department for International Trade , had an annual turnover of More Than 15% in 2017-18.

the Numbers are officially in, The Other departments in the public Service

Switching departments, may provide the only opportunity for salary increases and promotions according to Tom Sasse, a senior researcher at the IFG,

some officials is quite reasonable,"It is a very large internal open labour market in the public Service , leads to people looking for the next rung on The Ladder ," he says.

"And to not retaliate when someone is offered a promotion in another Department, your existing manager will normally be able to. "

Dave Penman, the General Secretary of the FDA union which represents the officers, told the BBC that the senior officials, the increase in the exchange between different jobs, in an effort to get your numbers after a "decade of wage restraint" in the public Service .

But Mr Sasse says, this can lead culture to a drain in the political competence, as well as problems with accountability.

"If a Department tries to bring in a huge multi-billion IT system, the constant changes in leadership can undermine the entire project. For example, universal credit over a five-program Directors went to in three years. "

On The Other hand, some of the shift between the departments can be invaluable, especially for the fighters to reach The Top of the public Service .

It can also mean that people stay in the same job for too long, and to refuse, the chances for The Other .

For Mr. Sasse, the public Service needs to create a balance between people, the move to expand and to experience, and those who remain in the same Department know-how.

carried out Back in 1968, Lord Fulton, a study in the public Service , the result is that parts of it had a "cult" of the generalist.

The Report said: "It may not make for the efficient dispatch of public business, when important men rarely stay in a job longer than two or three years, before she moved to some other post, often in a completely different area of state activity. "

But it was not enough commitment to the full implementation of the reforms according to the political historian Catherine Haddon .

"Harold Wilson was very excited for the aspects of it. But the field was not and he lost interest in some of the most important aspects," she says.

"And while Edward Heath was interested in reform, he had a different focus. "

The Lesson from history seems to be that strong long-term commitment will be necessary if The Vision of Mr. Cummings " has become a Reality .

Source of news: bbc.com