About Social Science
Social science is a category of academic disciplines concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Omicron: Do travel bans work against new Covid variants?
The President of South Africa has criticised travel restrictions imposed after the emergence of the Omicron Variant , and questioned the justification for them.
Cyril Ramaphosa said: " The prohibition Of Travel is not informed by science, nor will it be effective in preventing the spread of this Variant . "
Various Countries have restricted or banned travel from Southern Africa , and the UK has now added Nigeria
So What does the science say?
What is The Who position?World Health Organization (WHO) advice issued after the emergence of the Omicron Variant warns against blanket travel bans,
It adds that they " place a heavy burden on lives and livelihoods. "
They can adversely Impact global health efforts. . by dis-incentivising Countries to report and share epidemiological and sequencing data, " it says.
It says Countries should apply what its calls a " risk-based, time-limited" approach.
After the pandemic began in 2020, The Who made clear it didn't generally support travel bans, as they were " usually not effective. "
It said: " Travel measures that significantly interfere with international traffic may only be justified at the beginning of an outbreak, as they may allow Countries to gain time. "
But The Who position was criticised by then US President Donald Trump , when he stopped flights to the US from China And Then Europe.
And many other Countries began banning travel from China and other Countries with high infection rates.
The Who updated its advice earlier this year, urging Countries to take into account levels of immunity (from vaccination and natural infection), the spread of variants and the effectiveness of testing and quarantine when deciding whether to limit travel.
It said that Countries concerned about The Risk from virus variants could implement " time-limited, more stringent travel restrictions. "
What is the scientific evidence?Studies looking at the period when the pandemic began Last Year suggest travel restrictions might have had some initial Impact - at least slowing down The Virus .
Research published in the journal Nature, in December 2020, said they worked very early on,
A study by the WZB Berlin Social Science Center in Germany last October looking at travel restrictions and death rates in More Than 180 Countries Last Year reached similar conclusions, adding:
the biggest Impact was when Countries banned travel before recording 10 or more deaths quarantine for all travellers was more effective than entry bans (which in some cases exempted returning nationals) targeted restrictions on particular Countries had more Impact than blanket bans on all foreign travelResearch on the early days of the pandemic in the UK when there were few travel restrictions found The Virus had been introduced over a thousand times,
The new Omicron Variant - Originally identified in South Africa - has now been found in a growing list of Countries .
A scientist advising the UK government said that changes to the country's travel rules were " too late" as the Variant was already spreading.
Prof Mark Woolhouse said it was " a case of shutting the stable door after The Horse has bolted. "
However, the government has defended its moves to restrict international travel.
One key difference from the earlier stages of the pandemic is that vaccines are now being rolled out around The World .
However, the pace of vaccination is highly variable across Countries - and their effectiveness against the Omicron Variant remains uncertain.
Countries heavily reliant on tourism, for example, also have to weigh up the harm to their economies from restricting travel.
Who has had the strictest travel bans?Australia reopened its international borders for the First Time in November, after 18 Months of only allowing its citizens to leave or enter the country if they had special permission.
It has now put on hold plans.
New Zealand continues to have its borders closed, since Last Year , although its government has announced they will reopen for its citizens and for visa holders from Australia
Vietnam has also had one of the longest travel bans, opening its borders for the First Time this month.
These Countries also had relatively few cases, Until July this year, when The Delta Variant , first identified in India, began to spread.
But lockdowns, widespread testing and safety measures such as mask wearing may have been as important as travel bans in keeping infections down at least in The First phase of the pandemic.
Source of news: bbc.com
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